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  "Title": "Three-Step Estimation for Latent Class Analysis",
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  "Authors@R": "c(\nperson(\"Sam\", \"Lee\", email = \"samlee@arizona.edu\", role = c(\"aut\", \"cre\", \"cph\"),\ncomment = c(ORCID = \"0009-0007-2977-6661\")),\nperson(\"Jay\", \"Goodliffe\", email = \"goodliffe@byu.edu\", role = \"ctb\")\n)",
  "Description": "Implements 'BCH' (Bolck, Croon & Hagenaars, 2004)\n<doi:10.1093/pan/mph001> and 'ML' (Vermunt, 2010)\n<doi:10.1093/pan/mpq025> three-step estimators for latent class\nanalysis ('LCA') with covariates and distal outcomes, following\nBakk, Tekle & Vermunt (2013) <doi:10.1177/0081175012470644>,\nBakk, Oberski & Vermunt (2014)\n<https://www.jstor.org/stable/24573086>, and Bakk & Kuha (2018)\n<doi:10.1007/s11336-017-9592-7>. Built on 'multilevLCA'\n(Lyrvall et al., 2025) <doi:10.1080/00273171.2025.2473935> for\nStep-1 measurement model estimation, this package extends it\nwith support for Gaussian, Poisson, and binomial distal outcome\nfamilies. Unlike 'poLCA', which relies on one-step estimation\nand cannot accommodate a measurement model from a different\nsample, this package uses a stepwise approach to prevent the\nstructural model from influencing latent class formation.\nImplements correct sandwich variance estimation that propagates\nmeasurement uncertainty from the first-step 'LCA' through\nclassification-error correction in the final step (Bakk,\nOberski & Vermunt, 2014). Supports polytomous items and missing\ndata in the measurement model with 'FIML'. A data-generating\nprocess replicating the Bakk & Kuha (2018) simulation study is\nincluded.",
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  "Date/Publication": "2026-06-30 03:42:55 UTC",
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  "Author": "Sam Lee [aut, cre, cph] (ORCID:\n<https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2977-6661>),\nJay Goodliffe [ctb]",
  "Maintainer": "Sam Lee <samlee@arizona.edu>",
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    "bk2018_params",
    "draw_classes",
    "draw_classes_given_Zp",
    "draw_indicators",
    "draw_Zo",
    "draw_Zp",
    "fitZ_from_fit0",
    "fitZ_from_multiLCA",
    "generate_all_conditions",
    "generate_data",
    "lca_step1",
    "make_rho",
    "mnl_probs",
    "three_step"
  ],
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    {
      "page": "bk2018_params",
      "title": "Default population parameters for the Bakk & Kuha (2018) simulation",
      "topics": [
        "bk2018_params"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "coef.tseLCA_measurement",
      "title": "Extract coefficients from a tseLCA model object",
      "topics": [
        "coef.tseLCA_both",
        "coef.tseLCA_covariate",
        "coef.tseLCA_distal",
        "coef.tseLCA_measurement"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "draw_classes",
      "title": "Draw latent class memberships from their marginal distribution",
      "topics": [
        "draw_classes"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "draw_classes_given_Zp",
      "title": "Draw latent classes conditional on the covariate (scenario \"covariate\")",
      "topics": [
        "draw_classes_given_Zp"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "draw_indicators",
      "title": "Draw binary indicators given true class memberships",
      "topics": [
        "draw_indicators"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "draw_Zo",
      "title": "Draw a continuous distal outcome given true class memberships (scenario \"distal\")",
      "topics": [
        "draw_Zo"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "draw_Zp",
      "title": "Draw the covariate Zp ~ Uniform{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}",
      "topics": [
        "draw_Zp"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "fitZ_from_fit0",
      "title": "Estimate covariate effects with measurement parameters fixed (two-step EM)",
      "topics": [
        "fitZ_from_fit0"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "fitZ_from_multiLCA",
      "title": "Estimate two-step covariate model via multilevLCA (optional reference path)",
      "topics": [
        "fitZ_from_multiLCA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "generate_all_conditions",
      "title": "Generate datasets for all 18 conditions in the simulation design",
      "topics": [
        "generate_all_conditions"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "generate_data",
      "title": "Generate one dataset following the Bakk & Kuha (2018) simulation design",
      "topics": [
        "generate_data"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "lca_step1",
      "title": "Fit the LCA measurement model (Step 1)",
      "topics": [
        "lca_step1"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "make_rho",
      "title": "Build the item-response probability matrix for the simulation",
      "topics": [
        "make_rho"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "mnl_probs",
      "title": "Compute multinomial logistic class probabilities given covariates",
      "topics": [
        "mnl_probs"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "plot.tseLCA_measurement",
      "title": "Plot item-response probability profiles for a tseLCA model",
      "topics": [
        "plot.tseLCA_both",
        "plot.tseLCA_covariate",
        "plot.tseLCA_distal",
        "plot.tseLCA_measurement"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "print.tseLCA_measurement",
      "title": "Print a tseLCA model object",
      "topics": [
        "print.tseLCA_both",
        "print.tseLCA_covariate",
        "print.tseLCA_distal",
        "print.tseLCA_measurement"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "summary.tseLCA_measurement",
      "title": "Summarize a tseLCA model object",
      "topics": [
        "summary.tseLCA_both",
        "summary.tseLCA_covariate",
        "summary.tseLCA_distal",
        "summary.tseLCA_measurement"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "three_step",
      "title": "Three-step LCA estimation with covariates and/or distal outcomes",
      "topics": [
        "three_step"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "vcov.tseLCA_measurement",
      "title": "Extract the variance-covariance matrix from a tseLCA model object",
      "topics": [
        "vcov.tseLCA_both",
        "vcov.tseLCA_covariate",
        "vcov.tseLCA_distal",
        "vcov.tseLCA_measurement"
      ]
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